This is the official web site of the united nations cartographic section in new york. Sudan in turn needs the income from the pipeline and is known to support riek machar and the splmio in the conflict. South sudan political parties and leaders government. Create marketing content that resonates with prezi video. South sudans political turmoil united states institute. The region was administered under the constitution for southern sudan, promulgated in december 2005, as. The country is young with twothirds of the population under the age of 30.
Like many territorial demarcations in the continent, sudan s present borderlines were defined by the colonial powers at the turn ofthe century. Since the split, sudan and south sudans oil production has declined because of continued domestic political instability and conflict between the two countries. The lack of basic infrastructure, educated and skilled. What started as a political conflict in south sudan in december 20 has created a. As a political entity, then, sudan likemany african countriesisa fairly recent creation. Nimeiris strategy was to undermine the power bases of traditional political groups who might threaten him, and he abolished the native administration system. Read on for a full list of sudan and south sudans eight major border.
Birds, birding and bird watching geography in south sudan southern sudan voted overwhelmingly for independence from sudan in january 2011. The political economy of south sudan african development bank. Paguot thudan is a landlocked country in eastcentral africa. South sudan conflict analysis brief south sudan, the worlds youngest nation, continues to struggle despite the august 2015 signature of a peace agreement. Sudan is the third largest country in africa, after algeria and east congo.
South sudan crisis facts conflict in south sudan mercy. A history of south sudan south sudan is the worlds youngest independent country. South sudan is a landlocked country and borders clockwise sudan from the north, ethiopia from the east, kenya, uganda and the democratic republic of the congo from the south and the central african republic from the west. The political problems in south sudan have real cause, and many social media sources, especially the west media repeated the same mistake every time and then. Since december 20, south sudan has been embroiled in a civil war that began as a primarily political conflict, but has since taken shape between the countrys two largest ethnic groups, the dinka and the nuer. The unified sudan began producing oil in 1999, and as a result, the country tripled its per capita. Since the historic nasir declaration of august 28, 1991, the demand of the people of south sudan for the right of self determination, as a peaceful political resolution of the forty year war in the sudan, has been a real challenging problem to sudanese political forces and parties. Key characteristics of the economy south sudans dependence on subsistence agriculture and food aid indicates that the countrys present economic state is extremely poor. Because north africa does not share the organic conditions of tribal horizontality with ssa, north africa should be politically separated from ssa. South sudan food and agriculture organization of the united.
South sudan was once a semiindependent region in sudan, only recently gaining independence as a country in 2011, after a brutal civil war that lasted more than 25 years. South sudan has an area of about 644 330 km2 the exact. Applying broader historical analysis, it dissects some common preconceptions about the role of politicised ethnicity in conflict, the idea of aid dependency, and. On 15 december 20, an internal power struggle within the sudan peoples liberation movement splm, south sudans ruling political party, came to a head during a meeting of its second highest organ, the national liberation council. Riek machar tenydhurgon chairman and commanderinchief, ssima. Conflict between lou nuer and murle in south sudan ecc library.
The lowest point of the country is unknown at this time. The south was granted a large measure of regional autonomy and, in 1973, a secular state and presidential political system was established throughout sudan. Prior to autonomy and eventual independence, southern sudan was a region of the republic of sudan, which had achieved independence from the corule of great britain and egypt in 1956. South sudans population, predominantly african cultures who tend to adhere to christian or animist beliefs. South sudan crisis humanitarian crisis analysis 2019. It particularly focuses on the period after the august 2015 agreement for the resolution of. The republic of south sudan was born on july 9, 2011, as a result of a secession war waged against arabdominated north sudan in the 1950s. Located in the southeast, and extending into uganda, the imatong mountains contain south sudan s highest point. This entry includes a listing of significant political parties, coalitions, and electoral lists as of each countrys last legislative election, unless otherwise noted. It is also the tenth largest country in the world based on area.
Next morning, fighting erupted again at all corners of juba. Pdf the political crisis in south sudan researchgate. South sudan political and geographical pdf uk voice forum. It is bordered by libya in north west, by chad in west, by the central african republic in south west, by south sudan in south and by ethiopia in south east. A human rights report united nations mission in south sudan. Republic of south sudan, republic of sudan summary. The expansive border between the two countries spans 25 kilometers more than the borders collectively around south sudan with ethiopia, kenya, uganda, central africa, and the democratic. It is close to five years since civil war began in south sudan with negotiations failing to. The creation of the semiautonomous region of southern sudan was provided for by the 2005 comprehensive peace agreement cpa that ended the longrunning civil war between the north and the south. The politics of south sudan concern the system of government in the republic of south sudan, a country in east africa, and the people, organisations, and events involved in it. The conflict in december 20 reopened deeplyrooted political and ethnic tensions that hadnt yet been reconciled in the young country and those divisions have continued. It has a long history of civil wars as well as political and social instability.
Includes economic and educational development of the south on african and negroid lines of progress, 1930, and economic and educational development of the south on middle eastern and arab lines of progress, 1946. South sudan became an independent nation at midnight on july 9, 2011, after a january 2011 referendum regarding its secession from sudan passed with around 99% of voters. Information on casualties related to the protests remains ambiguous. Sitati wasilwa writes about the political economy of the civil war in south sudan. Sudan is bordered by nine different countries and it is located along the red sea. Evidence from these treaties indicates that the boundary was delimited as egypts eastern border rather than that of the sudan. Government of south sudans statistical yearbook for southern sudan 2010. A significant disparity in health status across sociodemographic. Conflict between lou nuer and murle in south sudan ecc. A main argument is that its political economy is fundamentally atypical. David deng last months breakthrough between south sudans government and its armed opposition on establishing a new transitional government represents a critical step toward ending the countrys civil war, a conflict that over the past six years has.
The formal declaration of independence was made on 9 july 2011 six years after the peace deal, which led to the. He offers an incisive analysis of the conflict in relation to the struggle for natural resources in south sudan by internal and external groups. Johnson and others published the political crisis in south sudan find, read and cite all the research you need on. One of the many tragedies has been the impact on the children living in south sudan. It is bordered by egypt to the north, the red sea to the northeast, eritrea and ethiopia to the east, south sudan to the south, the central african republic to the southwest, chad to the west and libya to the northwest. Sudan maps perrycastaneda map collection ut library online. Get unlimited access to all of britannicas trusted content. South sudan, officially called the republic of south sudan, is the worlds newest country. Uganda is an important tradepartner to south sudan and has demonstrated support for the government of president salva kiir. Ethiopias intention was to prevent south sudans civil war from becoming a regional conflict. Its rich biodiversity includes lush savannas, swamplands, and rainforests that are home to many species of wildlife. This report is an indepth analysis of the political economy of south sudan, and it critically assesses the development challenges since independence.
South sudans population, predominantly african cultures who tend to. The 2,220 km long boundary was established between 19011909 by a series of angloitalian treaties. South sudan as a dispute within the ruling party enflamed tensions within the security forces leading to ethnically targeted violence and the emergence of a rebellion. The geography of south sudan describes the physical features of south sudan, a country in east africa. Situation assessment of children and women in south sudan. The landscape of south sudan is primarily made up of tropical forests, swamps and grassland. Sudan peoples liberation movement or splm salva kiir mayardit sudan peoples liberation movementin opposition or splmio riek machar teny dhurgon definition. The region was administered under the constitution for southern sudan, promulgated in december 2005, as well as the countrys national interim. It is bordered to the east by ethiopia, to the north by sudan, to the west by the central african republic, to the southwest by democratic republic of the congo, to the south by uganda and to the south east by kenya. South sudan has some of the worst health outcome indicators globally. South sudan political and geographical pdf read online the secession of south sudan from sudan had major economic, political, and social implications. Following the peace agreement of 2005 that ended the northsouth war, and motivated by political imperatives linked to investment protection concerns, china has developed new relations with the semiautonomous government of southern sudan, thus seeking to position itself to navigate sudans uncertain political future. As a political entity, then, sudanlikemany african countriesisa fairly recent creation. The south sudan council of churches sscc initiated the jonglei peace process in 2012 to promote dialogue and reconciliation between local communities and military leaders.
Maternal mortality ratio stands at 789 per 100,000 live births, whereas neonatal and underfive mortality rates are 39. Apr 19, 2016 next morning, fighting erupted again at all corners of juba. Most of the country lies within its catchment basin. Movement splm, south sudans ruling political party, came to a head during a meeting of its second highest organ, the national liberation council. It was confirmed that nearly 99% of the voters in the referendum were in favour of dividing africas biggest country. Most recently, sudan has been in the news because south sudan seceded from sudan on july 9, 2011. South sudan became an independent nation at midnight on july 9, 2011, after a january 2011 referendum regarding its secession from sudan passed with around 99% of voters in favor of the split. Sudans capital khartoum, which is located in the central part of the country where the white nile and the blue nile rivers both of which are tributaries of the nile river meet, has a hot, arid climate. Sudansnorthsouthconflictowes its genesis tothecolonialpast. However, some of the groups who face particula r deprivations are listed below.
Strategic geographical location in neat east and north africa region commitment and political will for sustainable socioeconomic irural development current weaknesses opportunities for change fragile s tate of nio al eco my l ow l eve sfcr p, livest ck, ih r and forestry productivity o utd a egric lt ren ral so rc s. Although it succeeded in temporarily halting violence, it has failed to stimulate reconciliation and peacebuilding between the involved communities and is met with. Still, south sudan saw ethiopias hosting of machar, and even the peace talks, as being unsupportive, and viewed its close relationship with the u. Sudan snorthsouthconflictowes its genesis tothecolonialpast. Prior to 2011, south sudan was part of sudan, its neighbour to the north. As its implementation faltered, violence between factions broke out again in july 2016, setting back the peace process once again.
The sudanethiopia boundary stretches from ras kassar on the red sea to lake rudolf which forms the tripoint of the sudan, ethiopia and kenya boundaries. Located in the southeast, and extending into uganda, the imatong mountains contain south sudans highest point. Mar 01, 2014 to do so and to be an organic solution, the proposed institution must allow south sudan to melt into ssa as a geographical, economic, and political whole. The sudan peoples liberation army spla became involved in the dispute, with fighting in military barracks in the capital, juba, on the evening of 15. The january average low for that city is 60 degrees 16. Like many territorial demarcations in the continent, sudans present borderlines were defined by the colonial powers at the turn ofthe century. It is a landlocked country located on the continent of africa to the south of sudan. Aly verjee with little more than a month left before a new transitional government is set to assume power in south sudan, efforts to keep the latest peace agreement on track are becoming more urgent, even as most key pretransition deadlines have been missed and the political will of the. David deng last months breakthrough between south sudans government and its armed opposition on establishing a new transitional government represents a critical step toward ending the countrys civil war, a conflict that over.
A fragile new peace deal in south sudan has brought cautious hope to the countrys 4. Established in 2011 after two wars, south sudan has since reverted to a state of devastating civil strife. Jan 17, 2020 it is also the tenth largest country in the world based on area. Sudan was formally recognised as a political and administrative entity for. Sudan had been divided culturally and ethnically between the majoritymuslim arab north and the majoritychristian nilotic south. Aly verjee with little more than a month left before a new transitional government is set to assume power in south sudan, efforts to keep the latest peace agreement on track are becoming more urgent, even as most key pretransition deadlines have been missed and the political will of the belligerents.
Historically, cattle raids have been common between the lou nuer and murle in jonglei state, south sudan, as cattle rading is central to the nomadic peoples way of life, not only as a drought coping strategy, but also as a social and cultural practice see communal conflicts in south sudan. May 19, 2018 sitati wasilwa writes about the political economy of the civil war in south sudan. United nations geospatial information section web site. South sudan, also called southern sudan, country located in northeastern africa. After south sudan declared independence from sudan last year, much of the border between the neighbors is still hotly disputed, with recent violent clashes around the heglig oil field and other areas. The nomination fees to be paid by candidates from the party and women list may also represent an obstacle to women candidates as many may not have the requisite amount of money due to their low economic status. The blue nile and the white nile, originating in the ethiopian highlands and the central african lakes, respectively, join at khartoum to form the nile river proper. Agreement on the resolution of the conflict in the republic of south sudan.
South sudan is a landlocked country and depends on sudan for exporting its oil. South sudans political turmoil united states institute of. The nile is the dominant geographic feature of sudan, flowing 3,000 kilometers from uganda in the south to egypt in the north. Parts of sudan also have a rainy season, which varies. However, the nature of cattle raiding has changed drastically in recent decades as the. It had been the largest country on the continent until the. Since the historic nasir declaration of august 28, 1991, the demand of the people of south sudan for the right of self determination, as a peaceful political resolution of the forty year war. Dec 07, 2019 sudan peoples liberation movement or splm salva kiir mayardit sudan peoples liberation movementin opposition or splmio riek machar teny dhurgon definition.